Dear Reader,

In very simple terms, we can divide our lives into three periods: ages of 0-20, when we grow up and learn, ages 21-60, which is the period of our professional activity and over 60 years of age. Looking at this, it turns out that only during half of this entire time, during our working years, can we save or set aside funds for our later years – for our retirement.

In the penultimate 2025 edition of the ILLN newsletter, you will find a comparison of information on various pension systems from many European countries. You can learn about the mandatory part of universal pension systems, the universal retirement age, and additional opportunities for saving for retirement.

I am deeply convinced that reading this edition will provide you with information and serve as a basis for reflection on how different yet similar pension systems are in different countries.

Wishing you pleasant reading of the November issue of the ILLN Newsletter.